Which term describes substances that can cause cancer?

The term that describes substances capable of causing cancer is carcinogenic substances. Carcinogens can initiate or promote the formation of cancer by causing mutations in DNA or by disrupting cellular processes that regulate normal cell growth and division. These substances can be found in various forms, including chemicals, radiation, and even some viruses. The classification of substances as carcinogenic is based on extensive research and testing that have established a link between exposure and the development of cancer.

The other terms do not fit this definition. Benign agents refer to substances or cells that are not harmful or do not have malignant properties. Tumor suppressors are genes that help regulate cell growth and prevent tumor formation; their role is to inhibit cancer development rather than cause it. Mutagens are agents that cause changes or mutations in the DNA of organisms, which can lead to cancer, but not all mutagens are classified as carcinogens. Therefore, the identification of carcinogenic substances is crucial in understanding and preventing cancerous growths and tissue.